Sascha Willmes#

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2023#

  1. Xianda Gong, Jiaoshi Zhang, Betty Croft, Xin Yang, Markus M. Frey, Nora Bergner, Rachel Y.-W. Chang, Jessie M. Creamean, Chongai Kuang, Randall V. Martin, Ananth Ranjithkumar, Arthur J. Sedlacek, Janek Uin, Sascha Willmes, Maria A. Zawadowicz, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Matthew D. Shupe, Julia Schmale, and Jian Wang (2023): Arctic warming by abundant fine sea salt aerosols from blowing snow. Nature Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01254-8, Open Access ✔️.

  2. L. von Albedyll, S. Hendricks, N. Hutter, D. Murashkin, L. Kaleschke, Sascha Willmes, L. Thielke, X. Tian-Kunze, G. Spreen, and C. Haas (2023): Lead fractions from SAR-derived sea ice divergence during MOSAiC. The Cryosphere Discussions, 2023, 1–39. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-123, Open Access ✔️.

  3. M. Wendisch, M. Brückner, S. Crewell, A. Ehrlich, J. Notholt, C. Lüpkes, A. Macke, J. P. Burrows, A. Rinke, J. Quaas, M. Maturilli, V. Schemann, M. D. Shupe, E. F. Akansu, C. Barrientos-Velasco, K. Bärfuss, A.-M. Blechschmidt, K. Block, I. Bougoudis, H. Bozem, C. Böckmann, A. Bracher, H. Bresson, L. Bretschneider, M. Buschmann, D. G. Chechin, J. Chylik, S. Dahlke, H. Deneke, K. Dethloff, T. Donth, W. Dorn, R. Dupuy, K. Ebell, U. Egerer, R. Engelmann, O. Eppers, R. Gerdes, R. Gierens, I. V. Gorodetskaya, M. Gottschalk, H. Griesche, V. M. Gryanik, D. Handorf, B. Harm-Altstädter, J. Hartmann, M. Hartmann, B. Heinold, A. Herber, H. Herrmann, G. Heygster, I. Höschel, Z. Hofmann, J. Hölemann, A. Hünerbein, S. Jafariserajehlou, E. Jäkel, C. Jacobi, M. Janout, F. Jansen, O. Jourdan, Z. Jurányi, H. Kalesse-Los, T. Kanzow, R. Käthner, L. L. Kliesch, M. Klingebiel, E. M. Knudsen, T. Kovács, W. Körtke, D. Krampe, J. Kretzschmar, D. Kreyling, B. Kulla, D. Kunkel, A. Lampert, M. Lauer, L. Lelli, A. von Lerber, O. Linke, U. Löhnert, M. Lonardi, S. N. Losa, M. Losch, M. Maahn, M. Mech, L. Mei, S. Mertes, E. Metzner, D. Mewes, J. Michaelis, G. Mioche, M. Moser, K. Nakoudi, R. Neggers, R. Neuber, T. Nomokonova, J. Oelker, I. Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, F. Pätzold, V. Pefanis, C. Pohl, M. van Pinxteren, A. Radovan, M. Rhein, M. Rex, A. Richter, N. Risse, C. Ritter, P. Rostosky, V. V. Rozanov, E. Ruiz Donoso, P. Saavedra Garfias, M. Salzmann, J. Schacht, M. Schäfer, J. Schneider, N. Schnierstein, P. Seifert, S. Seo, H. Siebert, M. A. Soppa, G. Spreen, I. S. Stachlewska, J. Stapf, F. Stratmann, I. Tegen, C. Viceto, C. Voigt, M. Vountas, A. Walbröl, M. Walter, B. Wehner, H. Wex, Sascha Willmes, M. Zanatta, and S. Zeppenfeld (2023): Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms Determining Arctic Amplification: A Review of First Results and Prospects of the (AC)3 Project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 104(1), E208 – E242. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0218.1, Open Access ✔️.

  4. Sascha Willmes, Günther Heinemann, and F. Schnaase (2023): Patterns of wintertime Arctic sea-ice leads and their relation to winds and ocean currents. The Cryosphere, 17(8), 3291–3308. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3291-2023, Open Access ✔️.

2022#

  1. Jessie M. Creamean, Kevin Barry, Thomas Hill, Carson Hume, Paul J. DeMott, Matthew D. Shupe, Sandro Dahlke, Sascha Willmes, Julia Schmale, Ivo Beck, Clara J. M. Hoppe, Allison Fong, Emelia Chamberlain, Jeff Bowman, Randall Scharien, and Ola Persson (2022): Annual cycle observations of aerosols capable of ice formation in central Arctic clouds. Nature Communications, 13(1), 3537. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31182-x, Open Access ✔️.

  2. Günther Heinemann, Lukas Schefczyk, Sascha Willmes, and Matthew D. Shupe (2022): Evaluation of simulations of near-surface variables using the regional climate model CCLM for the MOSAiC winter period. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00033, Open Access ✔️.

  3. Thomas Lavergne, Stefan Kern, Signe Aaboe, Lauren Derby, Gorm Dybkjaer, Gilles Garric, Petra Heil, Stefan Hendricks, Jürgen Holfort, Stephen Howell, Jeffrey Key, Jan L. Lieser, Ted Maksym, Wieslaw Maslowski, Walt Meier, Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater, Julien Nicolas, Burcu özsoy, Benjamin Rabe, Wolfgang Rack, Marilyn Raphael, Patricia de Rosnay, Vasily Smolyanitsky, Steffen Tietsche, Jinro Ukita, Marcello Vichi, Penelope Wagner, Sascha Willmes, and Xi Zhao (2022): A New Structure for the Sea Ice Essential Climate Variables of the Global Climate Observing System. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 103(6), E1502 – E1521. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0227.1, Open Access ✔️.

  4. Andreas Preußer, Günther Heinemann, Lukas Schefczyk, and Sascha Willmes (2022): A Model-Based Temperature Adjustment Scheme for Wintertime Sea-Ice Production Retrievals from MODIS. Remote Sensing, 14(9), 2036. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092036, Open Access ✔️.

2021#

  1. Günther Heinemann, Sascha Willmes, Lukas Schefczyk, Alexander Makshtas, Vasilii Kustov, and Irina Makhotina (2021): Observations and Simulations of Meteorological Conditions over Arctic Thick Sea Ice in Late Winter during the Transarktika 2019 Expedition. Atmosphere, 12(2), 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020174, Open Access ✔️.

  2. Thomas Krumpen, Luisa von Albedyll, Helge Goessling, Stefan Hendricks, Bennet Juhls, Gunnar Spreen, Sascha Willmes, Jakob Belter, Klaus Dethloff, Christian Haas, Lars Kaleschke, Christian Katlein, Xiangshan Tian-Kunze, Robert Ricker, Philip Rostosky, Janna Rückert, Suman Singha, and Julia Sokolova (2021): MOSAiC drift expedition from October 2019 to July 2020: sea ice conditions from space and comparison with previous years. The Cryosphere, 15, 3897–3920. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3897-2021, Open Access ✔️.

2020#

  1. Alexander Fraser, Robert Massom, Kay Ohshima, Sascha Willmes, Peter Kappes, Jessica Cartwright, and Richard Porter-Smith (2020): High-resolution mapping of circum-Antarctic landfast sea ice distribution. Earth System Science Data, 12, 2987–2999. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2987-2020, Open Access ✔️.

  2. Markus Hartmann, K. Adachi, O. Eppers, Christian Haas, A. Herber, R. Holzinger, A. Hünerbein, E. Jäkel, C. Jentzsch, M. van Pinxteren, H. Wex, Sascha Willmes, and F. Stratmann (2020): Wintertime Airborne Measurements of Ice Nucleating Particles in the High Arctic: A Hint to a Marine, Biogenic Source for Ice Nucleating Particles. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(13), e2020GL087770. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087770, Open Access ✔️.

  3. Fabian Reiser, Sascha Willmes, and Günther Heinemann (2020): A New Algorithm for Daily Sea Ice Lead Identification in the Arctic and Antarctic Winter from Thermal-Infrared Satellite Imagery. Remote Sensing, 12(12), 1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12121957, Open Access ✔️.

2019#

  1. Alexander Fraser, Kay Ohshima, Sohey Nihashi, Robert Massom, Takeshi Tamura, Kazuki Nakata, Guy Williams, Scott Carpentier, and Sascha Willmes (2019): Landfast ice controls on sea-ice production in the Cape Darnley Polynya: A case study. Remote Sensing of Environment, 233, 111315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111315.

  2. Günther Heinemann, Lukas Glaw, and Sascha Willmes (2019): A Satellite-Based Climatology of Wind-Induced Surface Temperature Anomalies for the Antarctic. Remote Sensing, 11(13), 1539. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11131539, Open Access ✔️.

  3. Stefan Kern and Sascha Willmes Sea-Ice Parameters from Satellite Remote Sensing, pages 105–121. Springer International Publishing, Hamburg, Germany, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94067-0_5.

  4. Andreas Preußer, Kay Ohshima, Katsushi Iwamoto, Sascha Willmes, and Günther Heinemann (2019): Retrieval of Wintertime Sea Ice Production in Arctic Polynyas Using Thermal Infrared and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(8), 5503–5528. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC014976, Open Access ✔️.

  5. Fabian Reiser, Sascha Willmes, Ute Hausmann, and Günther Heinemann (2019): Predominant Sea Ice Fracture Zones Around Antarctica and Their Relation to Bathymetric Features. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(21), 12117–12124. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084624, Open Access ✔️.

2018#

  1. Sascha Willmes, Günther Heinemann, and Andreas Preußer. Arktische Polynjen. In B. Brümmer, editor, Atmosphärische Prozesse im Arktischen Klimasystem, Promet - Meteorologische Fortbildung, pages 56–60. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany, 2018. Open Access ✔️.

2017#

  1. Günther Heinemann, M. Braun, T. Brey, D. Damaske, M. Melles, Monika Rhein, and Sascha Willmes Polarforschungsagenda 2030 - Status und Perspektiven der deutschen Polarforschung. Deutsches Nationalkomitee SCAR/IASC, 2017. ISBN 978-3-00-057242-5. Open Access ✔️.

2016#

  1. Stefanie Arndt, Sascha Willmes, Wolfgang Dierking, and Marcel Nicolaus (2016): Timing and regional patterns of snowmelt on Antarctic sea ice from passive microwave satellite observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 121(8), 5916–5930. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011504, Open Access ✔️.

  2. Oliver Gutjahr, Günther Heinemann, Andreas Preußer, Sascha Willmes, and Clemens Drüe (2016): Quantification of ice production in Laptev Sea polynyas and its sensitivity to thin-ice parameterizations in a regional climate model. The Cryosphere, 10(6), 2999–3019. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2999-2016, Open Access ✔️.

  3. Hartmut Hellmer, Monika Rhein, Günther Heinemann, Janna Abalichin, Wafa Abouchami, Oliver Baars, Ulrich Cubasch, Klaus Dethloff, Lars Ebner, Eberhard Fahrbach, Martin Frank, Gereon Gollan, Richard Greatbatch, Jens Grieger, Vladimir Gryanik, Micha Gryschka, Judith Hauck, Mario Hoppema, Oliver Huhn, Torsten Kanzow, Boris Koch, Gert König-Langlo, Ulrike Langematz, Gregor Leckebusch, Christof Lüpkes, Stephan Paul, Annette Rinke, Bjoern Rost, Michiel van der Loeff, Michael Schröder, Gunther Seckmeyer, Torben Stichel, Volker Strass, Ralph Timmermann, Scarlett Trimborn, Uwe Ulbrich, Celia Venchiarutti, Ulrike Wacker, Sascha Willmes, and Dieter Wolf-Gladrow (2016): Meteorology and oceanography of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean–a review of German achievements from the last decade. Ocean Dynamics, 66 (11), 1379–1413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-016-0988-1, Open Access ✔️.

  4. Andreas Preußer, Günther Heinemann, Sascha Willmes, and Stephan Paul (2016): Circumpolar polynya regions and ice production in the Arctic: results from MODIS thermal infrared imagery from 2002/2003 to 2014/2015 with a regional focus on the Laptev Sea. The Cryosphere, 10(6), 3021–3042. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-3021-2016, Open Access ✔️.

  5. Sascha Willmes and Günther Heinemann (2016): Sea-Ice Wintertime Lead Frequencies and Regional Characteristics in the Arctic, 2003–2015. Remote Sensing. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010004, Open Access ✔️.

2015#

  1. Mario Hoppmann, Marcel Nicolaus, Stephan Paul, Priska Hunkeler, Günther Heinemann, Sascha Willmes, Ralph Timmermann, Olaf Boebel, Thomas Schmidt, Meike Kuehnel, Gert Koenig-Langlo, and Rüdiger Gerdes (2015): Ice platelets below Weddell Sea landfast sea ice. Annals of Glaciology, 56(69, 1), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.3189/2015AoG69A678, Open Access ✔️.

  2. Stephan Paul, Sascha Willmes, Oliver Gutjahr, Andreas Preußer, and Günther Heinemann (2015): Spatial Feature Reconstruction of Cloud-Covered Areas in Daily MODIS Composites. Remote Sensing, 7(5), 5042–5056. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70505042, Open Access ✔️.

  3. Stephan Paul, Sascha Willmes, and Günther Heinemann (2015): Long-term coastal-polynya dynamics in the southern Weddell Sea from MODIS thermal-infrared imagery. The Cryosphere, 9(6), 2027–2041. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2027-2015, Open Access ✔️.

  4. Stephan Paul, Sascha Willmes, Mario Hoppmann, Priska Hunkeler, Christine Wesche, Marcel Nicolaus, Günther Heinemann, and Ralph Timmermann (2015): The impact of early-summer snow properties on Antarctic landfast sea-ice X-band backscatter. Annals of Glaciology, 56(69), 263–273. https://doi.org/10.3189/2015AoG69A715, Open Access ✔️.

  5. Andreas Preußer, Günther Heinemann, Sascha Willmes, and Stephan Paul (2015): Multi-Decadal Variability of Polynya Characteristics and Ice Production in the North Water Polynya by Means of Passive Microwave and Thermal Infrared Satellite Imagery. Remote Sensing, 7(12), 15844–15867. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71215807, Open Access ✔️.

  6. Andreas Preußer, Sascha Willmes, Günther Heinemann, and Stephan Paul (2015): Thin-ice dynamics and ice production in the Storfjorden polynya for winter seasons 2002/2003-2013/2014 using MODIS thermal infrared imagery. The Cryosphere, 9(3), 1063–1073. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1063-2015, Open Access ✔️.

  7. Sascha Willmes and Günther Heinemann (2015): Pan-Arctic lead detection from MODIS thermal infrared imagery. Annals of Glaciology, 56(69), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.3189/2015AoG69A615, Open Access ✔️.

  8. Sascha Willmes, Günther Heinemann, and Alfred Helbig. Kryosphäre – Gegenwart und Zukunft: Warnsignal Klima: Das Eis der Erde. In Warnsignal Klima: Das Eis der Erde, pages 25–30. Verlag Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2312/warnsignal.klima.eis-der-erde.04, Open Access ✔️.

  9. Elena Zakharova, Sara Fleury, Kevin Guerreiro, Sascha Willmes, Frederique Remy, Alexei Kouraev, and Guenther Heinemann (2015): Sea Ice Leads Detection Using SARAL/AltiKa Altimeter. Marine Geodesy, 38(1, SI), 522–533. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490419.2015.1019655.

2014#

  1. F. P. Jardon, F. Vivier, P. Bouruet-Aubertot, A. Lourenço, Y. Cuypers, and Sascha Willmes (2014): Ice production in Storfjorden (Svalbard) estimated from a model based on AMSR-E observations: Impact on water mass properties. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119(1), 377–393. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009322, Open Access ✔️.

  2. Sascha Willmes, Marcel Nicolaus, and Christian Haas (2014): The microwave emissivity variability of snow covered first-year sea ice from late winter to early summer: a model study. The Cryosphere, 8(3), 891–904. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-891-2014, Open Access ✔️.

2013#

  1. Susanne Adams, Sascha Willmes, David Schröder, Günther Heinemann, Martin Bauer, and Thomas Krumpen (2013): Improvement and Sensitivity Analysis of Thermal Thin-Ice Thickness Retrievals. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 51(6), 3306–3318. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2219539.

  2. Martin Bauer, David Schröder, Günther Heinemann, Sascha Willmes, and Lars Ebner (2013): Quantifying polynya ice production in the Laptev Sea with the COSMO model. Polar Research. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.20922, Open Access ✔️.

  3. Thomas Krumpen, M. Janout, K. I. Hodges, Rüdiger Gerdes, F. Girard-Ardhuin, Jens Hölemann, and Sascha Willmes (2013): Variability and trends in Laptev Sea ice outflow between 1992–2011. The Cryosphere, 7(1), 349–363. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-349-2013, Open Access ✔️.

2011#

  1. Susanne Adams, Sascha Willmes, Günther Heinemann, Polona Rozman, Ralph Timmermann, and David Schröder (2011): Evaluation of simulated sea-ice concentrations from sea-ice/ ocean models using satellite data and polynya classification methods. Polar Research. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v30i0.7124, Open Access ✔️.

  2. Stefan Kern, Burcu Ozsoy-Cicek, Sascha Willmes, Marcel Nicolaus, Christian Haas, and Stephen Ackley (2011): An intercomparison between AMSR-E snow-depth and satellite C- and Ku-band radar backscatter data for Antarctic sea ice. Annals of Glaciology, 52(57), 279–290. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756411795931750, Open Access ✔️.

  3. Thomas Krumpen, Jens Hölemann, Sascha Willmes, Miguel Morales Maqueda, T. Busche, Igor Dmitrenko, Rüdiger Gerdes, Christian Haas, Günther Heinemann, Stefan Hendricks, Heidemarie Kassens, Lasse Rabenstein, and David Schröder (2011): Sea ice production and water mass modification in the eastern Laptev Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 116, C05014. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006545, Open Access ✔️.

  4. Thomas Krumpen, Sascha Willmes, Miguel Morales Maqueda, Christian Haas, Jens Hölemann, Rüdiger Gerdes, and David Schröder (2011): Evaluation of a polynya flux model by means of thermal infrared satellite estimates. Annals of Glaciology, 52(57), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756411795931615, Open Access ✔️.

  5. David Schröder, Günther Heinemann, and Sascha Willmes (2011): The impact of a thermodynamic sea-ice module in the COSMO numerical weather prediction model on simulations for the Laptev Sea, Siberian Arctic. Polar Research. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v30i0.6334, Open Access ✔️.

  6. Sascha Willmes, Susanne Adams, David Schröder, and Günther Heinemann (2011): Spatio-temporal variability of polynya dynamics and ice production in the Laptev Sea between the winters of 1979/80 and 2007/08. Polar Research. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v30i0.5971, Open Access ✔️.

  7. Sascha Willmes, Christian Haas, and Marcel Nicolaus (2011): High radar-backscatter regions on Antarctic sea-ice and their relation to sea-ice and snow properties and meteorological conditions. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 32(14), 3967–3984. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161003801344.

2010#

  1. Dorothea Bauch, Jens Hölemann, Sascha Willmes, Matthias Gröger, Andrey Novikhin, Anna Nikulina, Heidemarie Kassens, and Leonid Timokhov (2010): Changes in distribution of brine waters on the Laptev Sea shelf in 2007. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 115, C11008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006249, Open Access ✔️.

  2. Igor Dmitrenko, Sergey Kirillov, Thomas Krumpen, Mikhail Makhotin, Povl Abrahamsen, Sascha Willmes, Ekaterina Bloshkina, Jens Hölemann, Heidemarie Kassens, and Carolyn Wegner (2010): Wind-driven diversion of summer river runoff preconditions the Laptev Sea coastal polynya hydrography: Evidence from summer-to-winter hydrographic records of 2007?2009. Continental Shelf Research, 30(15), 1656–1664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.06.012.

  3. Sascha Willmes, Thomas Krumpen, Susanne Adams, Lasse Rabenstein, Christian Haas, J. Hoelemann, Stefan Hendricks, and Günther Heinemann (2010): Cross-validation of polynya monitoring methods from multisensor satellite and airborne data: a case study for the Laptev Sea. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 36(sup1), S196–S210. https://doi.org/10.5589/m10-012.

2009#

  1. Igor Dmitrenko, Sergey Kirillov, Bruno Tremblay, Dorothea Bauch, and Sascha Willmes (2009): Sea-ice production over the Laptev Sea shelf inferred from historical summer-to-winter hydrographic observations of 1960s–1990s. Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038775, Open Access ✔️.

  2. Marcel Nicolaus, Christian Haas, and Sascha Willmes (2009): Evolution of first-year and second-year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring-summer transition. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011227, Open Access ✔️.

  3. Sascha Willmes, Jörg Bareiss, Christian Haas, and Marcel Nicolaus (2009): Observing snowmelt dynamics on fast ice in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, with NOAA/AVHRR data and field measurements. Polar Research, 28(2), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v28i2.6113, Open Access ✔️.

  4. Sascha Willmes, Christian Haas, Marcel Nicolaus, and Jörg Bareiss (2009): Satellite microwave observations of the interannual variability of snowmelt on sea ice in the Southern Ocean. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004919, Open Access ✔️.

2008#

  1. Christian Haas, Marcel Nicolaus, Sascha Willmes, Anthony Worby, and David Flinspach (2008): Sea ice and snow thickness and physical properties of an ice floe in the western Weddell Sea and their changes during spring warming. Deep Sea Research II 55(8-9), 963–974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.12.020.

2006#

  1. Marcel Nicolaus, Christian Haas, Jörg Bareiss, and Sascha Willmes (2006): A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer. Annals of Glaciology, 44, 147–153. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811312, Open Access ✔️.

  2. Sascha Willmes, Jörg Bareiss, Christian Haas, and Marcel Nicolaus (2006): The importance of diurnal processes for the Seasonal cycle of Sea-ice microwave brightness temperatures during early Summer in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology, 44, 297–302. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811817, Open Access ✔️.